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| OBM Poster Session 3 |
| Sunday, May 30, 2010 |
| 6:00 PM–7:30 PM |
| Exhibit Hall A (CC) |
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| 98. Road Safety Around the World: Contributions of Behaviorally Based Safety Procedures |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Theory |
| COURTNEY POLENICK (Youngstown State University), Michael C. Clayton (Youngstown State University) |
| Abstract: Behaviorally based procedures for increasing safety (BBS) have been successfully applied to numerous safety issues, including automobiles and driving. Various procedures using feedback, goal setting, prompts, reinforcement, penalty, and punishment have demonstrated effectiveness for reducing safety violations, injuries, and fatalities on the roadway. The World Health Organization’s (WHO; 2009) “Global Status Report on Road Safety” has called attention to the worldwide toll of speeding, driving under the influence, and driving without seatbelts, child restraints, and helmets. A descriptive meta-analysis of effective BBS procedures found that specific procedures have been shown to be effective with specific behaviors. For example, prompts and feedback have been almost exclusively used to increase seat belt use. Some BBS procedures are effective across safety behavior. The current study describes the ways in which BBS procedures have been used most effectively for specific driving behaviors and offers behavioral recommendations for responding sufficiently to the WHO report on road safety. |
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| 99. Increasing the Use of Reusable Grocery Bags Using Prompts, Reinforcement, and Feedback |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| CHRISTA HOMLITAS (Youngstown State University), Courtney Polenick (Youngstown State University), Michael C. Clayton (Youngstown State University) |
| Abstract: Increasing sustainability of natural resources has become an increasingly popular topic. Recycling is one way to increase sustainability. Plastic grocery bags are petroleum based and frequently found in the oceans, scattered around the environment, as well as in landfills. Further, energy and resources are expended to manufacture plastic bags. Although plastic grocery bags are recyclable, use of reusable grocery bags could provide a greater contribution to sustainability of natural resources. The current study used a multiple baseline across settings design at two grocery stores to compare the effectiveness of prompts, feedback, and reinforcement for increasing customer use of reusable grocery bags. Customers may have experienced any combination of verbal prompts, signs, and incentives aimed at promoting use of reusable grocery bags. The procedures were generally effective and results show clearly which procedures, and combinations, were most effective. The intervention was well received by the management, employees, customers, and local community revealing satisfaction with sustainability contributions in the area. |
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| 100. The Relative Effects of Global Feedback and Specific Feedback on Safety Behaviors |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| KYEHOON LEE (Chung-Ang University), Shezeen Oah (Chung Ang University) |
| Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to examine relative effects of global feedback and specific feedback on safety behaviors at a construction site. An additional purpose was to examine whether providing feedback on target behaviors has spread of effects on non-target behaviors. Participants were 30 full-time workers at a construction site. Nine safety related behaviors were identified as critical behaviors, five of them served as target behaviors and the other four behaviors served as non-target behaviors. An ABCB within-group design was adopted. After baseline (A), participants received global feedback on their average percentage of all five target safety behaviors (B). In the next phase, participants received specific feedback on the percentages of individual target behaviors (C). In the final phase, the global feedback condition was reintroduced (B). Results showed that both global feedback and specific feedback were effective in increasing the frequencies of safety behaviors and there were no differences in the effectiveness between the two types of feedbacks. The data also showed that when feedback was provided on the target safety behaviors, the frequencies of all of the non-target safety behaviors were increased as well. However, the two types of feedback did not produce differences in the effectiveness. |
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| 101. Relative Effects of Supervisory Feedback and Peer Observation Plus Feedback on Safety Behaviors |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| Yong joon So (Chung-Ang University), SHEZEEN OAH (Chung Ang University) |
| Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine relative effects of supervisory feedback and peer observation plus feedback on safety behaviors at a construction site. Participants were 15 construction workers. Eight critical target behaviors were identified. An ABACD within-group design was adopted. After baseline (A), supervisors provided verbal feedback to workers on the target safety behaviors (B). Then, the supervisory feedback was withdrawn in the next phase (A) which was followed by a training phase for peer observations. In this phase, all workers had a 30 min training session per day for three consecutive days (C). In the final phase, the peer observation plus feedback conditions was introduced (D). Results showed that both supervisory feedback and peer observation plus feedback conditions were effective in increasing the target behaviors. However, there was little difference in the effects between the two conditions. |
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| 102. Improving in Store Credit Card Promotion Using Performance Management Techniques |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Service Delivery |
| GENEVIEVE K. COXON (Florida Institute of Technology), Tara Loughrey (Florida Institute of Technology), Alana Bellizzi (Florida Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: The purpose of this project was to increase cashier’s proportion of customers asked to enroll in the store credit card program and to consistently use critical pitch components. Using performance assessment tools, the variables contributing to poor performance and the critical pitch components were identified. Based on these results, an intervention package was created which involved a video model, instructional prompt cards, role-playing, and various forms of feedback. During baseline, target employees asked an average of 26% of customers to enroll in the credit card program. Following intervention, target employees were asking an average of 84% of customers to enroll in the credit card program. Results clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the intervention to increase credit card promotion and deliver critical information about the card to customers. Furthermore, staff rated the intervention as enjoyable, effective, and as a system that they would continue to use. The outcome was cost effective and valuable to the corporation as credit card enrollments increased. |
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| 103. Increase motivation With a Token EconomyProgram at Credit Organizations |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| REBECA GONZALEZ VAZQUEZ (Monterrey Technological Institute), Aixa Lanett Powell (Monterrey Technological Institute) |
| Abstract: Join venture must bring a plan to improve the employees´ motivation. In Mexico, people do not have opportunities to study and develop a career within a company. This situation blocks their opportunity of having a stable work. Due to the join venture of the company there were organization policies that affected human capital. The employees are highly motivated on the regular job but show weaknesses on what to expect in the future, they to get involved in improving their working environment. The area of suggestions clearly shows that what they want is to work with incentives. They do not see their selves working on long-term with uncertainty within the organization. We designed an incentive program, based on a ABA design a the second baseline the employees immediately changed their attitude and perceived the merge as an opportunity to improve their life quality by being motivated to continue their development. In the future research, is necessary to have more contact with the Human Resources Department to get more information on development plans for the staff, since the fact of not knowing if they are going to make redundancies, was an obstacle to carry out the design program. |
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| 104. Evaluating Techniques to Cope With Stress Related to Layoffs in a Mexican Government Agency |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| REBECA GONZALEZ VAZQUEZ (Monterrey Technological Institute), Aixa Lanett Powell (Monterrey Technological Institute) |
| Abstract: Middle management employees in a Mexican government agency have many privileges, most of which are financial. In the current climate of layoffs, there are the ones at higher risk to lose their jobs due to their current position. Finding a new job in a new organization is extremely difficult in this economy where all companies are trimming positions. Depression can set in, which could hinder their effectiveness during job search and adjusting to a new setting. This study was conducted with 10 men, age ranging from 30 to 35, who lost their jobs after cut made by agency's president. An ABA design was used to evaluate the coping skills taught to reduce depression symptoms. The treatment was effective in reducing most prevalent symptoms, although some signs of depression were still observed, which can be attributed to the feelings of loss related to the closing of the government agency. |
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| 105. Effects of a Group Contingency and Public Posting of Cleaning Performance |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| CHRISTINA MARIE BOYD-PICKARD (RCS Learning Center), Jacqueline Garland (RCS Learning Center) |
| Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment package on the cleaning behavior of staff. This treatment package consisted of a group contingency and public posting of performance data. The participants consisted of all direct care staff within a private school setting. An AB design was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment package. Initially, a baseline of classroom cleanliness was recorded using a checklist data recording system. Following baseline, participants were informed that data on their classroom(s) would be recorded two times during the school day and one time after school. Additionally, participants were trained on the components of the checklist and provided a model of a clean classroom. Participants were placed into separate groups based upon their students’ educational grouping. The data was reported on a graph and was viewed on a daily basis by all participants. The graph contained an identified goal criteria and was publicly posted. The first group to reach criteria was provided with negative reinforcement in the form of escape from work. |
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| 106. Self-Management in a Sales Organization |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| GUNNAR REE (Akershus University College), Ingunn Sandaker (Akershus University College) |
| Abstract: Building performance management on a web-based individual feedback system, A Norwegian company keeps track on sales figures. Manipulating the independent variable (daily and weekly reporting and feedback), it is demonstrated significant changes in sales behaviour. An ABA design is used. |
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| 107. The Effect of Participative and Assigned Team Goal-Setting on Performance Quantity and Trend |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| ZIYOUNG JUNG (Chung-Ang University), Shezeen Oah (Chung Ang University) |
| Abstract: This study examined the relative effectiveness of participative and assigned goal setting on work performance. Participants were 30 volunteer college students and their typing speed was tested. They were ordered on the basis of the typing speed and were divided into 15 pairs, with the members of each pair having similar typing speed. Members in each pair were randomly assigned to the two experimental conditions. Participants were asked to type typing materials provided by the experimenter for 20 days. The dependent variable was the number of words typed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in performance between the two conditions. The results also showed that the difference in trend between two conditions was not statistically significant. It is necessary to conduct follow-up studies and they need to (1) prolong the number of the sessions, (2) increase the number of participants, and (3) conduct studies in real organizational settings. |
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| 108. A Comparison of the Effects of Positive and Negative Reinforcement Contingencies on Safety Behaviors |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| JAEHEE LEE (Chung Ang University), Shezeen Oah (Chung Ang University) |
| Abstract: This study compared the effects of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies on safety behaviors. Participants were 60 volunteer undergraduate students and they were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (1) positive reinforcement contingency under which positive feedback was delivered for safe behaviors, (2) negative reinforcement contingency under which negative feedback was delivered for unsafe behaviors, and (3) no feedback. A simulated computerized work task was developed specifically for this study. Participants had to work on the work task and follow seven safety rules while working. When they follow all the seven safety rules, their behaviors were considered safe. If they did not follow any one of the rules, their behaviors were considered unsafe. Feedback was delivered for 30% of safe and unsafe behaviors. Results showed that the percentage of safe behavior under the positive reinforcement contingency was significantly higher than those under both negative reinforcement contingency and no feedback conditions. However, the difference in the safe percentage between negative reinforcement contingency and no feedback condition was not significant. |
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| 109. An Objective Review of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management: 1998–2008 |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Theory |
| SARA M. VICARS (California State University, Sacramento), Victoria Harr (California State University, Sacramento), Allyne Marcon-Dawson (California State University, Sacramento), Caio F. Miguel (California State University, Sacramento) |
| Abstract: The purpose of this study was to extend the previous reviews conducted on the first and second decades of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM). Every article published in JOBM between 1998 and 2008 was objectively reviewed and analyzed for trends and patterns within the last (third) decade of publications. Results suggest similar trends as reported in previous reviews for most of the variables with the exception of a slight increase in the publication of conceptual articles and a decrease in the publication of research articles. The current review also discusses whether the journal continues to meet its objectives and offers recommendations for future JOBM publications. |
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| 110. Increasing Treatment Integrity Through Instructions and Prompts via Electronic Mail |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Applied Behavior Analysis |
| KELLY A. DANCHO (AdvoServ), Jessica L Bayer (AdvoServ) |
| Abstract: Researchers suggest that the effects of behavioral interventions are maintained with high levels of treatment integrity (Wilder, Atwell, & Wine, 2006). However, behavioral treatments shown to be effective in analogue settings may not be implemented with a high level of integrity in the natural environment (e.g., group homes). In an attempt to increase treatment integrity, researchers have used textual feedback (DiGennaro, Martens, & Kleinmann, 2007) and training packages involving instructions, modeling, and rehearsal (Mueller et al., 2003). This investigation sought to expand existing research on treatment integrity through assessing the effects of instructions and textual prompts via electronic mail on the implementation of a token economy program used in a group home setting. A moderate increase in treatment integrity was observed when clinicians were instructed on ways to promote the accurate implementation of a token economy program. Treatment integrity further increased following the addition of daily textual prompts (via electronic mail) to implement instructions. Interobserver agreement was assessed during a minimum of 30% of all intervals, and agreement ranged between 80 and 100%. |
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| 111. An Analysis of the Project Performance Management System |
| Area: OBM; Domain: Service Delivery |
| JONATHON TIMM (Western Michigan University), Richard W. Malott (Western Michigan University), Jenna Littin (Western Michigan University), Calvin J. Gage (Western Michigan University) |
| Abstract: This poster presentation will be an analysis of the goals, procedures, and results of the Project Performance Management System at Western Michigan University. The project performance management system (PPMS) is a supervisory subsystem of the behavior analysis training system (BATS) under the direction of Richard Malott. The function of PPMS is to supervise and manage second year master’s students’ poster projects and organizational behavior management projects to be presented at the annual ABAI and ABAI Autism conferences. PPMS provides deadlines, support, and performance management for MA students throughout the process of completing their poster presentations. This presentation will analyze the mission, inputs, outputs, processes, and disconnects of PPMS and evaluate its performance throughout the year. The system manager is second year master’s student Calvin Gage, the assistant system manager is first year master’s student Jon Timm, and the undergraduate assistant is Jenna Littin. It is 1 of over 11 subsystems of the macrosystem BATS. |
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