|
| Int'l Paper Session - Case Studies in Developmental Disabilities |
| Sunday, May 29, 2005 |
| 3:00 PM–4:20 PM |
| Stevens 2 (Lower Level) |
| Area: DDA |
| Chair: Jane L. Petty (University of Birmingham, UK) |
| |
| The Structure and Sequence of Precursor Behaviours to Bursts of Self-Injurious Behaviour in Children with a Severe Intellectual Disability |
| Domain: Applied Research |
| JANE L. PETTY (University of Birmingham, UK), Christopher Oliver (University of Birmingham, UK), Debbie Allen (University of Birmingham, UK) |
| |
| Abstract: Background and AimsPrevious research has shown that it can be possible to identify possible functions of challenging behaviours by analysing precursor behaviours (Smith & Churchill, 2002). This study aims to analyse the presence and frequency of precursor behaviours around bursts of self-injurious behaviour deemed to be of clinically significant severity. Identification of such precursor behaviours would increase the likelihood of identifying maintaining variables for infrequent or dangerous behaviours, leading to more effective intervention.Method8 children with severe intellectual disability and self-injurious behaviour were recruited from schools in Birmingham, UK. Bursts of self-injurious behaviour were observed in both video-taped naturalistic classroom observations and in brief analogue functional analyses. Child and environmental variables were coded in real time to allow subsequent systematic and sequential analysis of potential precursor behaviours.Results and DiscussionOur results provide a description of the structure, nature and sequence of precursor behaviours preceding bursts of self-injurious behaviour in relation to various environmental determinants such as low attention and high task demand. Comparisons of the precursor behaviours identified across these two methodologies show both similarities and differences. Possible reasons for these differences, and the utility of identifying precursor behaviours for the assessment of infrequent or particularly severe behaviours are discussed further. |
| |
| Transformation from Sorting-to-Matching to Typical Matching-to-Sample: Teaching Computer-Based Matching Through a Systematic Fading Procedure |
| Domain: Applied Research |
| HIROFUMI SHIMIZU (Hawthorne Country Day School), Sudha Ramaswamy (Hawthorne Country Day School), Kelly A. Hobbins (Hawthorne Country Day School), Christopher S. McDonough (Hawthorne Country Day School) |
| |
| Abstract: In this study, we examined a systematic fading procedure to transfer control from the sorting-to-matching procedure to the typical matching-to-sample procedure. Two children with developmental disabilities participated in this study. In the sorting-to-matching procedure, participants were required to move a sample stimulus onto a correct comparison stimulus. In the typical matching-to-sample procedure, they were required to point to the comparison stimulus conditionally upon the sample stimulus. They performed appropriate identity matching-to-sample with the sorting-to-matching procedure. However, they showed difficulty in performing identity matching-to-sample with the typical matching-to-sample procedure. The results demonstrated that they performed appropriate identity matching-to-sample with the typical matching-to-sample procedure after the exposure to the systematic fading procedure. |
| |
| Obsessive Compulsive Behaviors in People with Mental Retardation |
| Domain: Service Delivery |
| DIXIE D. EASTRIDGE (The Habilitation Corporation), Zhankun Cheng (The Habilitation Corporation) |
| |
| Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive behaviors are examined in two case studies of two individuals with severe mental retardation and other mental illness diagnoses. The first study looks at a 47-year-old female diagnosed with classic autism with impulse control disorder and moderate mental retardation. The second study looks at a 54-year-old male diagnosed with bipolar disorder (not otherwise specified) and severe mental retardation. Techniques such as desensitization, response prevention, positive punishment, and re-direction are implemented in an attempt to decrease the two clients’ obsessive compulsive behaviors which include: tearing down papers and pictures from the wall, constantly rearranging things at home, picking up trash by bare hand from the floor at home and ground in the street. The effects of treating the two clients’ obsessive-compulsive behaviors are discussed. Implications for future treatment options are provided. |
| |
|
| |