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| Int'l Paper Session - Adjunctive and Automaintenance |
| Monday, May 30, 2005 |
| 10:30 AM–11:50 AM |
| Boulevard B (2nd floor) |
| Area: EAB |
| Chair: Federico Sanabria (Arizona State University) |
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| Pairing-Induced Vocalizations: Theoretical and Methodological Issues |
| Domain: Theory |
| FRANCOIS TONNEAU (University of Guadalajara, Mexico) |
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| Abstract: Some recent studies show that pairing a target sound (e.g., “eh”) with an appetitive unconditional stimulus (e.g., tickling) can induce vocalizations in children; that is, the children start to emit the target sound and repeat it. The hypothesis that verbal stimuli become conditioned operant reinforcers through stimulus pairings may explain why children repeat the target sound, but does not explain why the children start emitting this sound at all. The latter finding can be explained only by appealing to non-operant processes of response induction. In this talk, I discuss possible relations between pairing-induced vocalization, Pavlovian conditioning, and autoshaping in nonhumans. |
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| Indirect Reinforcer Deprivation in Schedule-Induced Drinking and Eating |
| Domain: Basic Research |
| RAUL AVILA (National Autonomous University of Mexico), Carlos A. Bruner (National Autonomous University of Mexico), Jorge A. Ruiz (National Autonomous University of Mexico) |
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| Abstract: It is debatable whether schedule-induced drinking and eating are symmetrical phenomena. Experiments conducted in our laboratory suggest that both phenomena may share a common motivational basis. That is, that food deprivation produces an indirect water deprivation and that water deprivation produces an indirect food deprivation. In one experiment rats with free access to water in their home cages were deprived of food to either 100, 90 or 80% of their body weight. The results showed that the degree of food deprivation was inversely related to water intake. In another experiment rats with free access to food in their home cages were deprived of water for either 5:45, 11:30, 17:15 or 22:0 hours. The data showed that the length of the water deprivation period was also inversely related to food intake. The results of both experiments showed that contrary to common sense, not for having either commodity freely available in their home cages the rats can be considered not deprived of either water or food in schedule-induced drinking or eating experiments. The present results support the notion that schedule-induced drinking and eating are indeed symmetrical phenomena in as much as they are both the consequences of indirect reinforcer deprivation. |
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| A Lagged Negative Automaintenance (NA) Preparation |
| Domain: Basic Research |
| FEDERICO SANABRIA (Arizona State University), Matthew Sitomer (Arizona State University), Peter Killeen (Arizona State University) |
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| Abstract: NA procedures impose a negative contingency between response and reinforcement, which generally reduces the correlation between conditioned stimulus (CS) presentation and reinforcement. We present a procedure that separates these effects by yoking reinforcement to behavior on the prior trial, leaving the response-reinforcement contingency relatively invariant, but reducing the instrumental control of the omission contingency over response rate. When presented with this “lagged” NA procedure, naïve pigeons responded to the presence of the CS at high persistent rates. Local extinction and re-acquisition data were analyzed to evaluate competing models of respondent behavior. |
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