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| Access to General Education Curriculum for Students with Mild Disabilities |
| Tuesday, May 30, 2006 |
| 12:00 PM–1:20 PM |
| Auburn |
| Area: EDC; Domain: Applied Research |
| Chair: Charles L. Wood (University of North Carolina, Charlotte) |
| Discussant: Lawrence J. Maheady (State University of New York, Fredonia) |
| Abstract: This symposium will consist of three presentations that describe experimental studies that address access to general education curriculum for students with mild disabilities. First, Michelle Anderson will describe how video-based self-recording (VBSR) of on-task behavior was implemented for five students with disabilities in a general education first-grade classroom in an urban charter school. Next, Charles Wood will discuss how random study checks and guided notes study cards were used to improve special education middle school students’ science vocabulary quiz scores. Then, Michele Nobel will describe how classwide peer tutoring was used to improve science vocabulary of seventh grade students at-risk for failure in a general education science course. Finally, Larry Maheady will summarize the findings and discuss how these findings could impact educational practice. |
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| The Effects of Video-Based Self-Recording of On-Task Behavior on the On-Task Behavior and Academic Productivity by Elementary Students with Special Needs in Inclusive Classrooms. |
| MICHELLE A. ANDERSON (The Ohio State University), William L. Heward (The Ohio State University) |
| Abstract: The current climate in American schools includes a push for the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms. In fact, federal legistlation mandates that all students with disabilities have meaningful access to the general education curriculum (IDEIA, 2004) and that students with and without disabilities be held equally accountable to the same academic standards (NCLB, 2001). Students with disabilities who stay on-task and maintain reasonable levels of academic productivity during independent work periods are more likely to achieve success in general education placements than are students who do not exhibit those behaviors. Although researchers have developed several strategies for increasing on-task behavior and productivity by students with and without disabilities, these interventions may be underused because they require additional time and resources from the regular education teacher. Teaching students how to self-manage their behavior offers one solution to this problem. This study examined the effects of video-based self-recording (VBSR) of on-task behavior on the on-task behavior and academic productivity by students with disabilities in general education classrooms. Five first-grade students at an urban charter school participated in the study. Data were collected daily in the regular education classroom during two independent activities in which students were expected to complete teacher assigned worksheets or items on the board During the VBSR condition students viewed a 4-minute videotape clip of themselves recorded the day before during independent work period in the regular classroom, at 30-second intervals circled “Yes” or “No” on a self-recording form to indicate whether or not they were on-task , and received points and prizes for increased on-task behavior. Results demonstrated increases in next day on-task behavior and productivity by all five participants in the setting in which the VBSR intervention occurred. On-task behavior and productivity also increased in the generalization setting for three of four students. Results are discussed in terms of potential functions of VBSR and of the increased on-task behavior and productivity demonstrated by the students following intervention. The findings of this study are also discussed with respect to previous research on self-monitoring and programming for generalization. Limitations of the study and suggestions for practice and future research are addressed. |
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| Effects of Random Study Checks and Guided Notes Study Cards on Middle School Special Education Students’ Notetaking Accuracy and Science Vocabulary Quiz Scores. |
| CHARLES L. WOOD (The Ohio State University), William L. Heward (The Ohio State University), Shawn G. Heimlich (The Ohio State University), Madoka Itoi (The Ohio State University) |
| Abstract: Federal legislation mandates that all students with disabilities have meaningful access to the general education curriculum and that students with and without disabilities be held equally accountable to the same academic standards (IDEIA, 2004; NCLB, 2001). Many students with disabilities, however, perform poorly in academic content courses, especially at the middle and secondary school levels. Previous research has reported increased notetaking accuracy and quiz scores over lecture content when students completed guided notes compared to taking their own notes. This study evaluated the effects of a pre-quiz review procedure and specially formatted guided notes on middle school special education students’ learning of science vocabulary. This study compared the effects of three experimental conditions: (a) Own Notes (ON), (b) Own Notes+Random Study Checks (ON+RSC), and (c) Guided Notes Study Cards+Random Study Checks (GNSC+RSC) on each student’s accuracy of notes, next-day quiz scores, and review quiz scores. Each session, the teacher presented 12 science vocabulary terms and definitions during a lecture and students took notes. The students were given 5 minutes to study their notes at the end of each session and were reminded to study their notes at home and in study hall period. In the ON condition students took notes on a sheet of paper with numbered lines from 1 to 12. Just before each next-day quiz in the ON+RSC condition students used write-on response cards to answer two teacher-posed questions over randomly selected vocabulary terms from the previous day’s lecture. If the answer on a randomly selected student’s response card was correct, that student earned a lottery ticket for inexpensive prizes and a quiz bonus point for herself and each classmate. In the GNSC+RSC condition students took notes on specially formatted guided notes that after the lecture they cut into a set of flashcards that could used for study. The students’ mean notetaking accuracy was 75% during ON, 89% during ON+RSC, and 99.5% during GNSC+RSC. The class mean scores on next-day quizzes during ON, ON+RSC, and GNSC+RSC was 39%, 68%, and 90%, respectively. The class mean score on review quizzes following ON, ON+RSC, and GNSC+RSC was 2.1, 5.3, and 7.8 (maximum score, 10), respectively. Results for five of the seven students provide convincing evidence of functional relationships between ON+RSC and higher quiz scores compared to ON and between GNSC+RSC and higher quiz scores compared |
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| Effects of Classwide Peer Tutoring on the Acquisition, Maintenance, and Generalization of Science Vocabulary Words for Seventh Grade Students with Learning Disabilities and/or Low Achievement. |
| MICHELE M. NOBEL (The Ohio State University), Ralph Gardner III (The Ohio State University), Timothy E. Heron (The Ohio State University), Yi-Wei Hsin (The Ohio State University) |
| Abstract: This study investigated the effects of classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of science vocabulary words and definitions. Participants were 14 seventh grade students at-risk for failure in a general education science course; 3 students had learning disabilities and 2 had a communication disorder. CWPT was conducted daily for 20 minutes during the last period of the school day. Procedures for CWPT were consistent with the Ohio State University CWPT model. Students were engaged in dyadic, reciprocal tutoring. Tutors presented word cards to tutees to identify the word and definition. Tutors praised correct responses and used a correction procedure for incorrect responses. After practicing their vocabulary words, students completed a daily testing procedure and recorded and plotted data. Many of the study’s findings are consistent with previous studies using CWPT to teach word identification. Results of this study indicate a functional relationship between CWPT and acquisition of science vocabulary. All students were able to acquire words and definitions. Results for maintenance and generalization varied. When acquisition criterion was changed, maintenance and generalization scores increased for some students, while other students remained consistently high. All students reported that they enjoyed CWPT, and all but one student stated it helped them learn science vocabulary. |
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