|
| Int'l Symposium - What Exactly Are the Associations in the Implicit Associations Test? |
| Sunday, May 29, 2005 |
| 3:00 PM–4:20 PM |
| Boulevard C (2nd floor) |
| Area: EAB; Domain: Basic Research |
| Chair: Fiona O'Neill (National University of Ireland, Maynooth) |
| Abstract: The current symposium is concerned with the nature of the associations in the implicit association test. A variety of experimental procedures have been used to assess what have been termed implicit associations, but very little of this work has explored, in any systematic way, the behavioral processes involved in establishing the associations in the first place. The four papers presented in the current symposium, constitute an ongoing research program that aims to examine the behavioral histories involved in generating implicit associations. The first study examined emotive and non-emotive A-B transfer effects using respondent and matching-to-sample training procedures. The second study examined the possible role of symmetry relations in producing these effects. The third and forth studies examined the roles of transitivity and equivalence relations respectively. The implications arising from these studies for a behavior analytic understanding of implicit associations will be discussed. |
| |
| Assessing Emotive and Non-Emotive A-B Transfer Effects Using Respondent and Matching-To-Sample Training Procedures |
| FIONA O'NEILL (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Sinead Smyth (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Lisa Harvey (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Dermot Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Yvonne Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth) |
| Abstract: A variety of experimental procedures have been used to assess what have been termed implicit associations, but very little of this work has explored, in any systematic way, the behavioral processes involved in establishing the associations in the first place. The current paper, and the next three presented in the current symposium, constitutes an ongoing research program that aims to examine the behavioral histories involved in generating implicit associations. In Conditions 1 and 2, the first stage involved training participants to relate different geometrical forms to different colors. In one condition respondent-type training was used and in the other a matching-to-sample procedure was employed. Experimental Conditions 3 and 4 were similar except that stimuli with emotive functions were employed instead of colors. Performance in Stage 2, in which forms were discriminative for two different key presses, was superior for participants that were required to make the same key press to forms that had been related to the same Stage 1 color or emotive stimulus. A third test stage demonstrated the predicted transfer of key-pressing functions from the forms to the colors or emotive stimuli. The next three papers examine the possible role of derived relations in producing these effects. |
| |
| Assessing Emotive and Non-Emotive B-A Symmetry Transfer Effects Using Respondent and Matching-to-Sample Training Procedures |
| STEPHANIE DORAN (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Sinead Smyth (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Marina Dillon (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Dermot Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Yvonne Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth) |
| Abstract: The study reported in the current paper was similar to that reported in the first, except that any transfer effect would be based on a symmetrical relation. In Conditions 1 and 2, the first stage involved training participants to relate different colors to different geometrical forms (rather than forms to colors). Once again, in one condition respondent-type training was used and in the other a matching-to-sample procedure was employed. Experimental Conditions 3 and 4 were similar except that stimuli with emotive functions were employed instead of colors. Stage 2, in which forms were discriminative for two different key presses, sought to determine if performance was superior for participants that were required to make the same key press to forms that had been related to the same Stage 1 color or emotive stimulus. A third test stage sought to examine the predicted transfer of key-pressing functions via symmetry from the forms to the colors or emotive. stimuli. The next two papers examine the possible role of transitive and equivalence relations in producing these effects. |
| |
| Assessing Emotive and Non-Emotive A-C Transitivity Transfer Effects Using Respondent and Matching-To-Sample Training Procedures |
| GRACE O'MALLEY (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Sinead Smyth (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Lorraine Woods (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Dermot Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Yvonne Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth) |
| Abstract: The current study was once again similar to those reported in the previous two papers. However, a third training stage was added and thus any transfer effect would be based on a transitive relation. In all four conditions, the first stage involved training participants to relate different nonsense syllables to different geometrical shapes using either respondent or MTS training. In stage 2, participants in conditions 1 and 2 were trained to relate these geometrical shapes to different colors. In conditions 3 and 4, the emotive stimuli were substituted for the colors. Stage 3, in which forms were discriminative for two different key presses, sought to determine if performance was superior for participants that were required to make the same key press to syllables that had been related to the same Stage 2 color or emotive stimulus compared to those required to make different key presses for previously congruent syllables. A forth test stage sought to examine the predicted transfer of key-pressing functions via transitivity from the nonsense syllables to the colors or emotive stimuli. The next paper examines the possible role of equivalence relations in producing these effects. |
| |
| Assessing Emotive and Non-Emotive C-A Equivalence Transfer Effects Using Respondent and Matching-To-Sample Training Procedures |
| SUZY FURNEY (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Sinead Smyth (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Dermot Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), Yvonne Barnes-Holmes (National University of Ireland, Maynooth) |
| Abstract: The current study was once again similar to those reported in the previous three papers, however, any transfer effect would be based on an equivalence relation. In conditions 1 and 2, the first stage involved training participants to relate different colors to different geometrical shapes using either respondent or MTS training. Conditions 3 and 4 were almost identical except that emotive stimuli were used instead of colors. In stage 2, all participants were trained to relate these geometrical shapes to different nonsense syllables. In conditions 3 and 4, the emotive stimuli were substituted for the colors. Stage 3, in which forms were discriminative for two different key presses, sought to determine if performance was superior for participants that were required to make the same key press to syllables that had been related to the same Stage 2 color or emotive stimulus compared to those required to make different key presses for previously congruent syllables. A forth test stage sought to examine the predicted transfer of key-pressing functions via equivalence from the nonsense syllables to the colors or emotive stimuli. The implications arising from this and the previous three studies for a behavior analytic understanding of implicit associations will be discussed. |
|
| |