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| International Paper Session - Research on Derived Relational Responding |
| Monday, August 13, 2007 |
| 3:30 PM–4:50 PM |
| L2 Room 2 |
| Area: EAB |
| Chair: Erik Arntzen (Akershus University College ) |
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| Responding in Accord with Equivalence as Function of Different Training Structures. |
| Domain: Experimental Analysis |
| ERIK ARNTZEN (Akershus University College ), Terje Grondahl (Ostfold University College) |
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| Abstract: Previous studies comparing groups of subjects have indicated differential probabilities of stimulus equivalence outcome as a function of training structure. Both one to many and many to one training structures seem to produce stimulus equivalence more often than a linear series training structure. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether corresponding differential probabilities of equivalence outcome as a function of training structure, can be demonstrated in the performances of single participants. We wanted to extend earlier experiments with including all test types, changing the density of feedback before testing, increase number of members in each class. Furthermore, to study differences in yields after training 3 classes with three members vs. four members. |
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| Derived Transformation of Avoidance Response Functions in Accordance with Same and Opposite Relational Frames. |
| Domain: Experimental Analysis |
| SIMON DYMOND (University of Wales, Swansea), Bryan T. Roche (National University of Ireland, Maynooth), John P. Forsyth (University at Albany, State University of New York), Robert Whelan (University College Dublin), Julia Rhoden (University of Wales, Swansea ) |
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| Abstract: Three experiments were conducted in order to test a translational research model of derived avoidance based on the transformation of avoidance response functions in accordance with same and opposite relational frames. Using the Relational Completion Procedure, participants were first exposed to non-arbitrary and arbitrary relational training and testing in order to establish Same and Opposite relations between non-word stimuli. The training tasks were; Same-A1-B1, Same-A1-C1, Opposite-A1-B2, Opposite-A1-C2. Next, in an avoidance conditioning procedure, B1 signaled a simple avoidance response. Participants who showed conditioned avoidance also showed derived avoidance to C1 in the absence of a direct aversive history with C1. Participants who were not exposed to relational training and testing did not show derived avoidance. Experiment 2 showed that this effect was not a by-product of instructional control, and Experiment 3 demonstrated a more complex pattern of transformation. Implications of the translational model for understanding clinically significant fear and avoidance behaviors are discussed. |
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| The Respondent-Type Training Procedure: Some Basic and Applied Findings. |
| Domain: Experimental Analysis |
| GERALDINE LEADER (National University of Ireland) |
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| Abstract: The training procedure typically employed in the investigation of stimulus equivalence has been the matching-to-sample training procedure. Although this has been a very fruitful avenue avenue of research this paper argues that significant progress may be made in understanding stimulus equivalence, and derived stimulus relations more generally, by developing a range of different experimental procedures for manipulating and measuring such behaviors. If the concept of stimulus equivalence is a valuable one, and has a direct bearing on human language and cognition, as many have suggested then it should be possible to study it in a variety of contexts. The respondent-type training procedure, involves presenting nonsense syllables in the form of stimulus pairs on a computer screen. During training the first stimulus of a pair simply appears on the screen for 1s. The screen then clears for 0.5 s (within-pair-delay) and the second stimulus of the pair appears on the screen for 1 s. The screen then clears for 3 s (between-pair-delay) and the next stimulus pair appears on the computer screen. Stimulus pairs are presented in this fashion in a quasi-random order. When all stimulus pairs are presented, subjects are tested for the emergence of symmetry and equivalence relations using a standard matching-to-sample test. This paper will examine some of the basic and applied finding s that has emerged from this procedure. Reversal of baseline relations, nodal distance, transfer of function and applications in the educational context will be discussed. |
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